Elections at last in Côte d’Ivoire!

By Nana N’dow

About two weeks ago, a friend mentioned the elections in Côte d’Ivoire that were to take place this month, on October 31. I was not convinced and quite frankly felt sorry over his joy as I believed the elections were most definitely going to be postponed again like they had been for the past five years.

Today, when many hear Côte d’Ivoire, they think of Didier Drogba, civil war and the mediatic ousting of the French in 2004. However, as one of the biggest cocoa producers in the world, Côte d’Ivoire was once considered one of the most developed countries in Africa. For 39 years, Côte d’Ivoire held strong ties with its former colonial power France and offered a home to many migrants.

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The Politics of the Nigerian Independence Day Bombing by Dr. Chris Daniels

On Friday October 1, 2010 Nigeria’s Independence Day Celebration was tarnished by a double car bomb explosion in the capital city of Abuja. 12 people lost their lives in the attack, and several others were injured. The movement for the emancipation of the Niger delta or MEND as they are commonly referred to claimed responsibility for the attack. Outside of being a national tragedy, these attacks have even further complicated the highly contentious Nigerian Presidential race.

 
To fully understand the issue it is necessary to go back the 2007 Presidential elections. One of the most significant political issues of the time was the Niger Delta. As has been well documented, the Niger Delta accounts for the overwhelming majority of Nigeria’s oil wealth, but the region remains severely underdeveloped. Additionally the region has suffered massive amounts of pollution from oil spills, which have destroyed fisheries and farmlands. This is eliminating the indigenous people’s livelihood, and their ability to improve their standard of living.  Several international NGO’s and local Nigerian civic groups have brought this issue to light, and were able to get Nigerian politicians to address this serious issue.

 
To demonstrate his commitment to fixing the problems of the Niger Delta then presidential candidate Umaru Yar’Adua, picked Goodluck Jonathon who is originally from the region to be his running mate on the powerful People’s Democratic Party(PDP) ticket. After the two won the election they were able to negotiate with MEND and offered amnesty for those willing to lay down their weapons. They also created a Ministry of the Niger Delta to address specific development concerns in the region. These initiatives by the Yar’Adua administration showed signs of initial progress leading some to believe that oil production would soon return to its optimal level.

 
This progress suffered a major setback after the untimely death of President Yar’Adua. His sudden death has threatened to offset the balance of power or elite consensus agreed upon in Nigeria to keep the peace. The unwritten agreement is that the North and South will rotate turns manning the presidency of the country. When Yar’Adua died it put the international spotlight on Nigeria and forced the nation to abide by the constitutional rules of succession and allow Goodluck Jonathan to become president even though it is against their unwritten agreement. Many hoped that he would agree to not re-run for office in the 2011 elections but he has decided to do so anyways. The decision has caused lots of controversy because it is widely considered the North’s turn to rule.

 
The Independence Day car bombing has become a major issue in the Nigerian political debate particularly between president Jonathon and his main rival for the PDP nomination Northerner Ibrahim Babangida. Reports have surfaced that President Jonathon’s administration tried to pressure exiled MEND leader Henry Okah to retract his group’s claim of responsibility for the attack and instead say it was carried out by “Northern extremist who opposed President Jonathon.” Additionally the head of Ibrahim Babangida’s presidential campaign, Raymond Dokpesi was arrested and accused of having sent e-mails to members of MEND confirming the attack. He was later released and has threatened to sue the government over his detention. Dokpesi also claims that his family has received threats from members of MEND and people he describes as Jonathon’s supporters.

 
Although at this point it is uncertain who was really behind these attacks what is clear is that both sides are attempting to benefit from it politically. If members of MEND are ultimately found to be responsible then it will undermine President Jonathon’s credibility as someone who can handle the militants in the Delta. If it was Northerners behind the attack it will play into fears of extremism and make Babangida a less appealing candidate.

 

MEND issued its latest threat on October15th. The group said it will carry fresh bombing attacks in Abuja without specifying the time and day to prove to the Jonathan’s administration that they were behind the October1st blasts although President Jonathan seems to be accusing an outside terrorist organization, or political opponents for the attacks. In response, MEND has accused Jonathan of arresting innocent people for their attacks.

 
At the end of the day it will be up to the Nigerian people to choose who they want to lead their nation over the course of the next presidential term. The elections were originally scheduled to take place in January of 2011 but they have currently been postponed to April 2011. Only time will tell who will emerge as the next leader of Africa’s most populous nation.

Ghana Wins for Africa—Akwaaba! by Evelyn Sallah

During this year’s World Cup games most Africans and those of African descent around the world were glued to their televisions screens in hopeful anticipation for the Ghanaian team’s victory. We saw how Ghana’s team creamed the U.S. team, and didn’t make it into the final draw by an unlucky mishap, and most were devastated. At that time I was not one of the folks crying for Ghana’s loss, but excited that the world was able to see Africa’s potential to win, and after spending this week in Accra I know that Ghana has already won—for all of Africa.

During my voyage moving to Niger this past August, I remember sitting next to a U.S. Foreign Service Officer on the final leg of my journey who was describing her time in Niger and referred to it as the “Real Africa”. I wondered what she possibly could have meant by that, but now I see that many people see Africa as a place that in its “natural” state is a continent of poverty, war, illness, lack of infrastructure and development. Even many of those that work in international development or humanitarian relief continue to see the continent this way, even in the 21st century.

Unfortunately, Niger is Africa’s poorest country with some of the world’s highest infant and maternity mortality rates. Literacy rates nationwide are only at approximately 25%, the rates significantly lower for women. Niger also leads the world in terms of birth rates with families approximately producing 7 children. This has been a major detriment in its efforts to combat the ongoing food crisis which has almost 50% of the population in a state of moderate to acute malnutrition.

This past Saturday I arrived in Accra, Ghana. I had heard about the clean streets and friendly people, but what I met blew me away, and I fell into a 48-hour period of culture shock. My first stop was directly to the Accra Mall I had heard so much about. On the way there, I saw many businesses that one could find anywhere in the world, which demonstrates Ghana’s access to markets and is competitiveness on a global scale. The mall is definitely a capitalist’s paradise, but what is special about it is the bookstore filled with books written by Ghanaians showcasing the beautiful and vibrant history and culture of Africa’s 1st independent nation. The mall also has stores with clothing featuring Ghanaian designers, which is very motivating.

After spending the night in a lovely hotel, with friendly staff, in the morning I went for a walk in the neighborhood known as East Legon. East Legon is one of Accra’s newest neighborhoods with houses, or should I say mansions that look like you could be in any neighborhood anywhere in the Occident. There are also many schools, restaurants, and to my surprise a natural hair salon that specializes in locs! Natural hair has not yet been accepted in West Africa, so this shows another aspect of Ghana that is ahead of the margin.

Ghana, being rich in cocoa, gold, and other natural resources is prosperous in comparison to other African states, particularly in West Africa, yet is not perfect. The country being Europe’s first stop in Africa has dealt with an unstable political history, ethnic conflict in the North, and currently struggles with child labor and trafficking issues in fishing communities in the Lake Volta region (the world’s largest artificial lake).

Yet, in my mind, this is the real Africa. A country where one can walk down the street and see Africa’s potential and dream. In fact during my walk, I dropped 2 cedis (which is 1.4 to the $1), and a young girl ran after me yelling “Sistah! Sistah!” to alert me to the cash I dropped—a very heartwarming moment.

Homes in East Legon, and other brand new skyscraping apartment buildings may be too expensive for the average Ghanaian, but most are reportedly owned by Ghanaians. This is very refreshing since typically expats and politicians are the sole recipients who have access to enjoy the fruits of a struggling nation.
Although the literacy rate is not 100% and people still live in poverty especially in rural areas, Ghana shows us that her people are striving towards building a nation with a strong infrastructure that benefits most of its people and is competitive on a global scale.

My time here has been spent working, but within that I managed to sneak in a thundering church service, some tasty palm oil and kenkeh based meals, and hopefully will head to the beach this weekend. All Ghanaians should be proud of their accomplishments and I salute them for their success and hope all Africans are able to rise to their level of achievement—bravo!

Madagascar’s Political Crisis: Can The Island Find Its Way Out of the Deep Water? by Bernard Londoni

By Bernard Londoni

Madagascar’s political crisis has deepened since March 2009, following the coming to power of Andry Rajoelina, the then mayor of Antananarivo who ousted former President Marc Ravalomanana through the backing of the military. Rajoelina became the strongman of Antananarivo as Ravalomanana left the Island. Since then, political tensions increased and the exiled president who is now living in South Africa continues to press so hard for his return to the political scene in the Island he said he loves so much. But the path to his return has left Malagasy people polarized and the political stalemate is increasing. What has further complicated the matter is the stand that the two other former presidents- Didier Ratsiraka and Albert Zafy have taken vis-a-vis to the crisis. Ratsiraka and Zafy have joined forces with Ravalomanana to oppose the rule of Rajoelina.

The African Union (AU), France and South Africa who are involved in resolving the crisis have found themselves caught between the politics and their passion for bringing the parties to agree to a political settlement. In collaboration with the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the UA dispatched former Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano to mediate the conflict. Things however have not turned well as expected by the mediator. The Chissano’s mediation team has produced the Maputo and Addis Ababa agreements which called for power-sharing between Rajoelina and the former three presidents’ camps. Due to complex issues surrounding the politics between Rajoelina and the three former presidents and their parties, the agreements did not stand long. Rajoelina unilaterally decided to throw everything behind the bus and initiated his own way to resolve the crisis. He has blocked through all means within his power the return of Ravalomanana and the two other former presidents to the Island.

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